Art brut is a French word that means "raw art." It was made up by the French artist Jean Dubuffet to describe art like graffiti or Nave Art, made by shy people, alone, and very creative but not part of the academic tradition of fine art. Outsider art is a term for art that looks like a child made it. It is usually caused by people who haven't been trained as artists or haven't followed the usual rules for making art. The English academic Roger Cardinal coined the term "Outsider Art" in 1972, eight years after Art Brut. Like Dubuffet, he wanted to bring attention to art made by people who weren't trained, lived quietly, and may have been sheltered in some way. Art Brut and Outsider Art are often used to mean the same thing. Folk art and nave art are related terms that have more specific meanings. The word "primitivist art" is generally considered outdated and tied to problematic social and ethnological aspects.